Many of today’s biographical studies can be called psychoanalytic studies. Such writings follow in the tradition of Sigmund Freud’s Leonardo da Vinci: A Psychosexual Study of Infantile Reminiscence (1910), which seeks to reconstruct Leonardo’s biography and psychic development by drawing on certain documents and, especially, by analyzing one of Leonardo’s memories (for Freud, a fantasy) of an experience while he was an infant. Thus, it seems that Leonardo had two “mothers,” a biological mother (a peasant woman) and a stepmother (the woman who was Leonardo’s father’s wife). In accord with this information, Freud sees in The Madonna, Child, and St. Anne Leonardo’s representation of himself as the Christ Child, the peasant woman as St. Anne, and the stepmother as the Madonna. St. Anne’s expression, in Freud’s analysis, is both envious (of the stepmother) and joyful (because she is with the child whom she bore).